*Prohibition2





__**Gu****iding Questions:**__ What was the Prohibition? What social ills/ problems did Prohibition seek to solve? What was "bootlegging"? What were "speakeasies"? What types of crimes resulted from Prohibition? Interview Garfield residents to find out how Prohibition affected Garfield and whether "bootlegging" took place in the city (and if so where - provide photographs of the sites if possible).



=
In the year 1919, the United States ratified the 18th amendment which banned the sale, manufacturing and transportation of liquor, making it illegal to do. The 18th amendment contained three sections which stated the following: ======



=
After the 18th Amendment banned alcohol, the government also passed the Volstead Act in 1919 to allow the citizens to know that the lmedia type="file" key="Prohibition_and_Temperance_Movements.wmv" align="right" width="300" height="300"aw meant that any beverage that contained over 0.5% of alcohol would be illegal to sell, and the sale of these beverages would lead to paying fines or being sentenced to jail for breaking this law. (http://history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/p/prohibition.htm) =====

=
Prohibition was part of the Temperance movement in the 1900s, which was the start of reducing the consumption of alcohol in the United States. This helped put prohibition into effect however, there were a handful of problems that the United States thought that prohibition would be able to solve. =====

=
Alcohol was believed to be the cause of many problems that occurred in the United States during this time such as gambling, prostitution, organized crime, etc. The government felt that if alcohol was eliminated from being sold in the markets, that many of the countries problems would be solved. =====

=
The United States, however, made a mistake when passing both the Volstead Act and the 18th Amendment because they never clarified that the actual consumption of alcohol would be illegal, which also stirred up controversy in the states. Since people were allowed to drink and not buy alcohol until a year after each law was passed, many people bought the alcohol when it was legal, stored it, and drank it a year or so after Prohibition went into full effect. People were also able to obtain prescriptions written by doctors for alcohol, which that number increased tremendously during the 1920s due to Prohibition. =====

=
Although Prohibition wanted to solve the many problems of the United States, they unfortunately made a lot of them worse. The crime rate rose so high that many of the countries prisons were filled to capacity, thus having to send some of their inmates to different prison locations. Prohibition also sought out to lower the amount of alcohol people consumed, but this law actually made that level increase. =====

=
One of the ending results of Prohibition brought our government to realize that selling alcohol made them money, but unfortunately they realized this after the stock market crashed in 1929, which was the start of the Great Depression. Many people then began to realize that citizens needed jobs and to make money in order to live. The government needed money as well and by making alcohol legal once again after 10 years, it would open many doors to people as well as the government. It would give citizens new jobs and the government more sales to tax the businesses on. =====

=
Prohibition came to an end on December 5th, 1933 when the 21st Amendment was ratified to the Constitution of the United States. People were able to manufacture and transport alcohol again and the businesses were able to sell it to the people legally. (This incident was the only tie that a United States Amendment as been repealed.) - Presley =====

**//This image shows an article published on December 3, 1933 by the "Daily Mirror", a New York City Newspaper Company. //** **//(http://brewsofourlives.blogspot.com/2010/12/may-your-gl //****//ass-always-be-half-full.html#comments) //**

During the 1920s, the U.S. government passed the 18th amendment which made it illegal to sell, transport, and manufacture liquor. The government believed that establishing prohibition would decrease crimes rate in the U.S.On the contrary, the U.S. received a higher crime rate than what they had before. With that, bootlegging came in affect after the prohibition of alcohol use. Gangs were also formed, along with many mafias and mobs.

//﻿ ** "This image shows the illegal distribution of liquor during the prohibition in the 1920s." **// //﻿﻿ ([]) //

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Bootlegging is the illegal distribution or production of liquor. Surprisingly, in the 18th amendment, it was not prohibited to consume alcohol. People began smuggling in alcohol from overseas and also in Canada. Eventually, the majority of people in the U.S. discovered their own way of producing alcohol. They ultimately granted illegal liquor to the public. These activities became one of the largest illicit industries in America.One of the most notorious type of illegal liquor is moonshine which is also known as "hooch" and "white lightning". When many people came to discover their own way of producing alcohol, moonshine was the most popular. Most producers and smugglers worked with moonshine in order to avoid detection. - Brenda

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">



<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">In 1928, a few years before the end of the Prohibition movement, many people were part of the 'bootlegging' business. Some got away with it, while others weren't so lucky. <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">One story, for instance, is about a man known as J.H. Bailey (or “Sailor Jack”) who was described in a letter from Special Agent Melvin L. Hanks to Ralph L. Read, another Special Agent. In September of 1927 Sailor Jack was trying to transport alcohol from California to Washington. Along

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">his travels, he was stopped in Oregon but Terry A. Tallent, who was a Prohibition Agent during this time. <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Although he was arrested, Sailor Jack was able to hide away from all of this. A few months after, he was at it again, now believed to be transporting alcohol from San Francisco to Crescent City, CA, using the alias “P. Rex”. <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">The letter never stated whether or not Sailor Jack was found, but they did believe that if he was he'd tell them all they needed to know about bootlegging and how it was being done on the West Coast.

(http://arcweb.archives.gov/arc/action/ShowFullRecordLinked?tab=showFullDescriptionTabs/details&%24searchId=6&%24showFullDescriptionTabs.selectedPaneId=scope&%24digiDetailPageModel.currentPage=0&%24digiViewModel.detailId=1&%24partitionIndex=0&%24digiSummaryPageModel.targetModel=true&%24submitId=1&%24digiViewModel.name=digiViewModel&%24resultsDetailPageModel.search=true&%24digiDetailPageModel.resultPageModel=true&%24resultsDetailPageModel.currentPage=0&%24resultsDetailPageModel.pageSize=1&%24sort=RELEVANCE_ASC&%24highlight=false)

**__<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">﻿ __**<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">**__<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">﻿ __** media type="file" key="The_Rise_of_Prohibition.asf" align="center" width="300" height="300"

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; text-align: justify;">**__﻿__**It is proven that because of the prohibition and the 18th amendment, the crime rate ironically increased instead of decreasing. The main purpose of the 18th amendment was to basically lower crimes in the U.S. Most criminals and mobsters found ways to smuggle in alcohol and sell it for a higher price. Once these gangsters got richer, they became infamous and powerful with nobody able to cease them. Al Capone, one of the most notorious gangsters, controlled speakeasies, bribing police or having officials as spies. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: center;"> //":﻿﻿"The reign of tears is over. The slums will soon be a memory. We will turn our prisons into factories and our jails into storehouses and corncribs. Men will walk upright now, women will smile and children will laugh, Hell will forever be for rent."// - Reverend Billy Sunday ([])

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">These words were said at the start of prohibition, as soon as the 18th amendment was passed. Lamentably, it was proven wrong due to the fact how crime and impoverishment drastically increased. Before the Harrison Narcotics Act was passed, the number of murders in a urban municipality was 5.6 homicides per 100,000. Once the act was passed, with WWI starting and State prohibitions, the homicide rate heightened to 8.4 murders per 100,000. Unfortunately, after the national prohibition passed, the number of homicides rose to 10 per 100,000, which is a 78% percent increase over a "pre-prohibition America".





<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; text-align: justify;">With the passing of the 18th amendment saloons were forced to close down but people still wanted alcohol. The speakeasies formed in the 1920s as a way to get around the hassle of law enforcement waiting for people to violate the 18th amendment. It was said that for every saloon that closed as a result of the new law, a half a dozen underground places popped up. Speakeasies were not people during the 1920's through the 1930's that tried to obtain alcohol illegally but they they were one of the most successful. by the mid 1920's there was said to be over 100,000 speakeasies in New York alone. It was often said that a person could get a glass of liquor at any building on 52nd street between fifth and sixth Avenues in New York but only if you knew the password and the whereabouts of the speakeasies. ([])

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Even though speakeasies were illegal there were many benefits for those who took the risk of ownership. A speakeasy could make the owner lots of interest but it took money to make money. the average speakeasy would make roughly around $1370 a month. $400 of the money made was graft money for the Federal Prohibition Agents, police officers and the New York District Attorney. On top of that a cop would get an extra $40 to turn their back on a delivery. Some owners used a different approach and bought an expensive system for concealing the evidence whenever there was a raid. ([])

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; text-align: center;">"Many average American's became criminals during the age of prohibition. they found innovative new ways to drink, produce and transport liquor. Prohibition truly a noble experiment in intent, became a dismal failure for the populus did not support it nor the government adequately enforce it" ([])

THIS TOPIC HAS BEEN "CLAIMED" BY ** Brenda, Presley, and Jeffrey, Pd.2. **